Dowry harassment and domestic violence are often treated as “family issues” in our society. But Indian law clearly says that abuse inside the home is a crime, not a private matter. To protect women, two important laws exist- Section 498A of the IPC and the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005.
This article explains these laws in simple words, so every woman can understand her rights.
What is Dowry and Domestic Violence?
- Dowry means money, gifts, or property demanded from a woman or her family after marriage.
- Domestic violence includes not only beating, but also mental torture, insults, threats, control over money, and forcing a woman to live in fear.
Both are illegal in India.
What does Section 498A say?
Section 498A protects married women from cruelty by their husband or his family members.
What is considered cruelty?
Cruelty can be:
- Physical violence (hitting, beating)
- Mental harassment (threats, insults, humiliation)
- Pressure or torture for dowry
- Behavior that can push a woman towards depression or suicide
Cruelty is not only physical, mental pain is also a crime.
Who can be punished?
- Husband
- In-laws or husband’s relatives
Punishment under Section 498A
- Up to 3 years in jail
- Fine
- Police can register an FIR without court permission
Why this law is important
This law tells society that marriage does not give anyone the right to abuse a woman.
Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005
This law focuses on immediate safety and support, not punishment.
Who can take help under this law?
- Married women
- Women in live-in relationships
- Mothers, sisters, widows living in the same house
What is counted as domestic violence?
Domestic violence includes:
- Physical abuse
- Sexual abuse
- Verbal abuse (insults, name-calling)
- Emotional abuse (threats, control)
- Economic abuse (not giving money, food, or shelter)
Even silent suffering is recognized as violence.
Rights Given to Women Under the Domestic Violence Act
A woman can ask the court for:
- Protection Order – Stop the abuser from hurting or threatening her
- Right to live in the shared home, even if it is in husband’s or in-laws’ name
- Financial support for daily expenses and medical needs
- Child custody (temporary)
- Compensation for mental stress and trauma
This law helps women feel safe and supported immediately.
Why Women Should Know These Laws
Many women suffer quietly because they think:
- “This is normal”
- “Society will blame me”
- “I have no option”
But the truth is:
Abuse is not normal. And help is your right.
SheLit’s Message to Women
At SheLit, we believe every woman deserves safety, respect, and dignity. Knowing the law is the first step toward protecting yourself and others.
If you are facing dowry pressure or domestic violence:
- Talk to someone you trust or Contact SheLit
- Seek legal help
- Remember, you are not alone.
By: Nikita Talwaar (Supreme Court Lawyer)